Slide rule



SLIDE RULE Filed July 5,

.wlw/WW limer/fa 71s' L. C.' BULMER ET AL Oct. 12 1926.

Patented Oct. 12, 1926, j l p UNITED STATES PATENT orifice.

LEONARD c. BULMEB, WILLIAM A. HARDENBERGH, AND JAMES H. 1mm,A or

i BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA.

SLIDE 'ULE.

Application lcd July 5, 1924. Serial lo. 724,493.

This invention relates to a slide rule de- In the accompanying drawings the pre- D signed primarily for use in standardizing erred form of the invention has been shown. B

milk, while its principle may also be adapte In said drawings s. to the standardization of cream if desired.` Figure l is a plan view of the slide rule,

5 It is a well known fact that the regulations one of the slides being broken away.

of most communities require not less than a Fig. la is a `plan view of that portion of certain established percentage of butter fat one of the slides not shown in Fig. i. 60

in milk sold and one of the most difficult Fig. 2 isa section on line 2 2, Fig. 1.

problems confronting the dairyman is the l Fig. 3 is a plan view of a portion of a correct blending ot-diierent grades of milk modified construction.

so thatv the resultant mixture will comply. Referring to the gures by characters o' strictly with the required standard. In most reference 1 designates an elongated base prol5 instances, however, there is a certain pervided with parallel grooves 2, 3 and fl centage of butter fat in the mixture in eX- spaced from each other and from the longicess of the standard required and while such tudinal edges of the base, the walls of each excess,'even though amounting to but .3% groove being undercut and the bottom ot of butter fat and beingV unnoticed and uneach groove being cut-away at its ends to 7G credited by the consumer would, nevertheprovide finger receiving spaces 5. A slide 6 less involve a financial loss of from $17,000 is slidable within vthe groove 2 and addito $18,000 per annum to a company handling tional slides 7 and 8 are movably mounted five thousand gallons of milk per day. It within the grooves 3 and 4.- respectively, each will thus be seen that a means for accurately of these slides 6, 7 and 8 being provided 75 determining the proper proportions of difalong its sides with longitudinal ribs 9 .ierent grades of milk required to obtain a adapted to project into the undercut walls of l5 mixture of the exact standard required is the grooves so as to hold the slides assembled i very essential because of the saving resultwith the base while allowing them to move ing therefrom and while various devices for longitudinally'. $0

this purpose have been evolved they have all Formed on that portion of the base berequired more or less mental calculations retween the grooves 2 and the adjacent llongisulting in inaccuracies that have aifected the tudinal edge of the base is a scale l0 made product, u of numbered spaces, each space being sub- One of the objects of the present inven divided by graduations as shown andthe 85 tion is to provide a slide rulehaving relanumbers of the spaces ranging preferably tively movable scales by the manipulation of from 0 and 1 to 12 or any other desired ,35 which it is possible to determine the amount figure. This scale is provided at one end with of milk having a known percentage of butthe legend Desired base. Thenumbered ter fat required to standardize either a' graduations of the scale are also provided 90 known quantity or an indefinite quantity of with additional designating numerals, the' milk having a known percentage of butter intermediate graduation indicated by the nu- 40 fat, the construction and o eration of the merel 6 ofthe `first scale being also desigslide rule being such that t e same can be nated by the character 0. The numbered manipulated and used by any employeewho graduations of the two sides of this 0 95 can read. graduation' are designated bb themuinerals With the foregoing and other objects in 10, the nextlniimbiega' iiatioiis4 are in- '445 view which will appear as the description dicated by the numerals 20'; and this nurnroceeds, the invention resides in the combering is continued successively by tens up ination and arrangement of parts and in t0 60. The portion of the scale indica the details of construction hereinafter deby these numerals 0 to 60 may be conscribed andclaimed, it being understood that nected by lines and the said lines as well as changes in the precise embodiment of the inlthe numerals 0 to 60 can be red or of vention herein disclosed ma be made within any other color ditering from that used in the scope of what is claimeciwithout depart- .numbering the desired base scale. This 10 ing from the spirit of the invention. second scale ranging from 0 to 60 is provided with the legend Proportion preferably located under the legend ldesired base.

The slide 6 is provided with a scale 11 corresponding with the desired base scale and having numbered spaces preferably ranging from 0 and 1 to 12 although the numbers can range to (30. The spaces between these numbered graduations are graduated to correspond with the graduations of the scale 10 and the said scale 11 is provided at one end with the legend fat in known quantity. The slide 6 has an index or pointer mark 12 thereon at the central or 6 graduation.

The slide 7 is provided with a scale 13 corresponding with the scale 11 and provided at one end with the legend fat in unknown quantity. This scale also has an indicator or pointer 14 marked thereon at the central or 6 graduation.

. Formed on the space between the grooves 3 and 4 and along the edge of the groove 3 is a double scale 15 corresponding in every way with the double scale 10, the line of graduations designated by the characters 0 to 60" being designated by 'the legend Proportion while the characters 0 to 12 of said scale are provided with the designating legend Desired base.

Formed on the base between the grooves 3 and 4 and close to the edge of the groove 4 is a scale 16 made up of graduations at different distances apart as shown and marked from l to these graduations -being provided with the designating legend Proportion Formed on the slide 8 at that edge adjoining the scale 16 is a scale `17 the graduations of which are designated preferably by numerals 1 to 60 or more and are different distances apart as shown, this scale being provided with the legend Proportion. Another scale 18 is provided along the other edge of the slide and the main graduations thereof are designated by theI numerals indicating gallons, these numerals ranging from 10 to 1,000 in the present instance. The scale shown is provided with the legend Known gallons. Formed on the baseclose to the scale 13 is a scale 19, the main graduations of which are designated by numerals ranging from 10 to 1,000 and this scale has the legend Answen Gallons required to standardize.

In order to compute the data required in standardizing milk to the desired base, two steps are necessary, namely, first, to arrive at the proportions in which two milks of known fat content have to be mixed to produce a milk of the desired fat content base; and second, when the proportions required of the two milks are determined, the actual gallons or pounds of one milk to be .added to the next quantity of the other milk, are

determined in order tmarrive at the result.

The following example is given showing how the slide rule can be used How much milk containing 1% butter fat will be required to standardize 400 gallons of milk containing 4% butter fat to a base of 3% butter fat? Step 1. The graduation on slide 6 indicating 4% is placed opposite and under the desired content of butter fat (3%) on the scale 10 as shown in Fig. 1.

Step 2. 1% on slide 7 placed directly opposite and over the desired content of butter fatV (3%) on scale 15. lVith the parts thus located it will be found that the 10 graduation of the proportion part of the scale 10 will be designated by the index 12 while the 20 graduation of the proportion part of scale 15 will be designated by the index 14. This will therefore disclose the fact that ten parts of 1% butter fat milk will be required for twenty parts of 4% butter fat milk or a proportion of 1 to 2.

Step 3. The proportion needed being 10 to 20 or 1 to 2 the l graduation of the scale 16 is placed opposite the 2 graduation of the scale 17 whereupon it will be found that the 400 graduation on scale 18, indicating 400 gallons of 4% butter fat milk to be standardized will be found directly opposite the 200 graduation of scale 19 giving tlie'answer that 200 gallons of 1% butter fat milk are required to standardize 400 gallons of 4% butter fat milk to the desired base of 3% butler fat milk.

Instead of providing double markings on therscale 10 and on"\t\lie scale 15 as shown in Fig. 1, scale 20 can be arranged on the base between the slides 6 and 7 as shown in Fig. 3, the main graduations of these scales being numbered from 0 to 60 as heretofore described. Where this arrangement of the proportion scales is employed each slide 6 and 7 has its graduations duplicated at the two edges thereof as shown in Fig. 3.

It is to be understood that the slide rule herein disclosed can be utilized not only for standardizing milk but also for standardizing cream, it being merely necessary to change the range of theseale so that it will be adapted to the standardization of cream. Furthermore instead of utilizing gallons as units of measure in using the slide rule, pints or other units may be used or if preferred, pounds may be used. It is to be understood, therefore, that the term gallons as used in the claims is to be considered broad enough to apply either to pints, pounds or other units of measure.

In practice it has been found that while the slide rule disclosed is designed primari ly for standardization purposes, it can also be used for solving mathematical problems.

For example the two top slides and their adjacent scales can be utihzed in subtraction.

What is claimed is In a slide rule a scale of a desired base 5 having a zero point at its center and numbered in both directions from the zero point to indicate a proportion, and a movable mem- Voer having a scale similar to the first named scale but having a. zero point at one end and numbered in one direction therefrom, there l0 being an index point at the center of said second scale.

In testimony that We claim the foregoing as our own, We have hereto aixed our signatures.

LEONARD C. BULMER.

VILLIAM A. HARDENBERGH.

' JAMES H. FIKE. 

